This, coupled with instances of bad tourism – disrespectful behaviour towards locals and the environment – casts a shadow over the island’s paradise image and has led to many locals questioning the island’s overreliance on tourism.
THE REALITIES OF OVER-TOURISM
The island’s pristine beaches, once a haven for relaxation, now teem with crowds of ill-behaved tourists often inappropriately dressed and surrounded by local hawkers chasing a quick buck. Accommodation options cater primarily to foreign tastes, with generic resorts replacing traditional Thai architecture. Local markets, once vibrant testaments to Thai culture, have morphed into tourist traps overflowing with mass-produced souvenirs and counterfeit paraphernalia. Generic sandwich, pizza and coffee shops outnumber local restaurants. The pressure to cater to international visitors risks homogenising Phuket’s unique identity.
Beyond aesthetics, overtourism has a significant environmental impact. Waste management struggles to keep pace with the influx of visitors. Water resources are strained, and delicate ecosystems like coral reefs suffer from irresponsible diving and boating practices. This is before even talking about the major issue of our poor road systems that are unfit for purpose.The island’s carrying capacity – the maximum number of tourists it can accommodate sustainably – seems to have been surpassed.
Phuket isn’t alone in this struggle. Destinations worldwide, from Barcelona and Venice to Amsterdam and Dubrovnik, have grappled with the negative consequences of overtourism. Barcelona implemented crowd control measures in popular areas, while Venice instituted a tourist tax and limited cruise ship access. These proactive approaches prioritise residents’ well-being and the destination’s long-term sustainability.
BEYOND CROWDS
The issue goes beyond sheer numbers. Instances of disrespectful behaviour by tourists – littering, disregarding cultural norms or engaging in disruptive activities – erode the very foundation of a welcoming tourism industry. Phuket’s famed hospitality, embodied in the ‘Land of Smiles’, is strained by such behaviour. Recent cases such as the ‘Swiss Dave’ incident where the well-known owner of an elephant sanctuary was accused of kicking a local doctor whom he accused of trespassing and the New Zealand motorike brothers Hamish and Oscar Day assaulted a police officer and took his firearm.
Furthermore, a growing number of expats residing in Phuket raise concerns. While some integrate seamlessly, others contribute to a sense of disenfranchisement among locals. Disrespect for local customs, environmental negligence and a sense of entitlement can create friction and resentment. The recent surge in Russian residents has led to a backlash by many Thai businesses that are opposed to Russians running their own companies catering for their countrymen.
EMBRACING DOMESTIC TOURISM
The path forward lies in a paradigm shift. Thailand boasts a rich cultural tapestry, and Phuket can leverage this strength by focusing on domestic tourism. By tailoring experiences to cater to the diverse interests of Thai travellers, the island can create a win-win situation for all stakeholders. One only has to look at the wealth and prosperity of the Thai elite to see the potential.
Culinary Delights: Promote local food festivals celebrating Phuket’s unique cuisine, from fiery southern curries to fresh seafood specialties. Offer cooking classes led by local chefs, showcasing the art of Thai cooking and the vibrant flavours that define the region. Highlight the ubiquitous street food vendors, a cornerstone of Thai culinary culture.
Ecotourism for the Soul: Phuket isn’t just about beaches. Develop well-maintained nature trails allowing visitors to explore the island’s lush rainforests and unique mangrove ecosystems. Partner with responsible tour operators offering eco-friendly tours, fostering an appreciation for the natural environment. Promote responsible diving practices and support initiatives focused on coral reef conservation.
A Cultural Immersion: Organise workshops on traditional Thai handicrafts such as silk weaving, batik dyeing and wood carving. Showcase the island’s rich artistic heritage through dance performances, music festivals and temple visits. Partner with local communities to offer homestay experiences, allowing visitors to experience the warmth of Thai hospitality firsthand. Develop Phuket museums and art offerings to create experiences that locals feel proud of and others aspire to visit.
A thriving domestic tourism sector empowers local businesses. Smaller guesthouses and family-run restaurants that may struggle to compete with international chains would benefit from increased domestic patronage. Local artisans selling traditional crafts would see a rise in demand for their work. This fosters a more equitable distribution of tourism revenue, ensuring the community benefits from its most valuable asset – its unique character.
THE EXPAT ISSUE: INTEGRATION, NOT ENTITLEMENT
Phuket’s expat community also needs to re-evaluate its role. Integration, not entitlement, should be the guiding principle. Respect for local customs, environmental consciousness and responsible behaviour go a long way in fostering positive relations with residents. Learning the Thai language, demonstrating an appreciation for local culture and supporting community initiatives would send a powerful message to all visitors.
The success of this domestic tourism revolution hinges on collaboration. Local authorities, tourism agencies, businesses and the community at large all have a role to play.
Targeted Marketing Campaigns: Develop marketing campaigns specifically aimed at Thai travellers, highlighting the unique experiences Phuket offers beyond the beaches and bars.
Infrastructure Development: Invest in infrastructure that caters to domestic tourism. Improve public transportation options, making it easier for Thai visitors to explore different parts of the island. Upgrade facilities at national parks and historical sites, ensuring a comfortable and enriching experience.
Community Engagement: Local communities should be active participants in this shift. Train residents to become tour guides, allowing them to share their knowledge and stories with visitors. Support cultural preservation initiatives and encourage traditional arts and crafts.
Education and Awareness: Educate both tourists and residents on responsible tourism practices. Promote the concept of ‘leave no trace’ and encourage visitors to minimise their environmental impact. Highlight the importance of respecting local customs and traditions.
THE BENEFIT OF SUSTAINABILITY
By prioritising domestic tourism, Phuket can create a future where both residents and visitors thrive. The island’s natural beauty and cultural heritage will be preserved for future generations. Local businesses will flourish, and the community will benefit from a more equitable distribution of tourism revenue. Phuket will once again become a destination that embodies the true spirit of Thai hospitality – warm, welcoming, and respectful of its unique cultural tapestry.
Simon Causton is a long-time Phuket resident, founder of Citadel Phuket and author of ‘The Phuket Periodical’ newsletter. X (Twitter): @SimonCauston